Archive for December, 2007

媒体需要独立,但不需要中立

Saturday, December 15th, 2007

草莓周刊推出以来,受到了很多赞赏,也有一些没事找事干的人去批评。批评的理由说来说去就一点:不够中立。

媒体真的需要中立吗?媒体传播的消息由事实和观点组成的。事实要绝对真实,但观点是不可能绝对中立的。媒体是由人建立的,报道的信息也是人收集的。事实是绝对会真实的,因为事实就是事实,不会因为你的看法而改变。而人是无法达到绝对中立,所以媒体的报道是绝对不会中立。

我们来看看历史吧,你能找一个人说的话完全中立吗?找不到。以前的革命人士,例如说孙文吧,他一心想要建立共和,不断地宣传共和观点和思想。在他宣传的时候,他绝对会倾向共和这一方,这就是不客观了。因为每一样事情都有好有坏,换句话说,共和也有坏处,专制也有好处。但孙文不会宣传共和的坏处,也不会宣传专制的好处。所以,我们也可以说他不中立。每个人发表一个观点,都是在支持某一样东西,但是他们支持的东西或者思想都会有缺点,所以他们也是不客观不中立的。

你可能会说,如果每个人都是主观的,这个世界就完蛋了。我认为不会。因为这个世界有一个内在的天平。当一种宣传过多的时候,它的反面宣传就会出现,这样就可以达到一个平衡。例如说,现在的嘻嘻TV等中共所控制的媒体,都在宣传中共的好处,他们是不客观不中立的。但是没关系,因为我们民间媒体,例如草莓周刊、自曲新闻还有众多的blogger都是反共的,这样,我们可以让这个天平达到平衡。现在访问量较多的blogger,大多都是反对专制,支持民主的,可是,专制也有好处,民主也有坏处,他们也是不中立不客观的。世界上没有一件事情是完美的,无论是什么制度都有缺点。贫富差距、社会问题永远不可能被消除掉,不过我们可以尽量地缩小差距,减少问题。制度没有最好的,只有最适合的。我们只要选择一个最适合人民的制度,尽管这个制度也有缺点,也会造成贫富差距和社会问题,但是这个贫富差距会比较少。

因为制度和社会状况是相对的,面对不同的社会状况,不同的制度会有不同的效果。例如说,专制制度或许在1000年前的社会产生的好处多于坏处,所以当时的人民如果选择了专制制度的话,他们是对的。但是它在现在社会产生的坏处多于好处,所以我们可以宣传民主,尽管民主会产生坏处,但是它的坏处要比好处要少。我们每当发表一个观点的时候,我们首先要思考一下我们所支持的制度的坏处和好处,如果好处多于坏处,你就可以发表了。如果S社会里有1000人,900人支持A制度,100人支持B制度。S社会的天平会向A社会倾斜,证明A制度要比B制度适合S社会,因为选择A制度的人比较多,that is,A制度能造福更多的人,尽管它会对那100个人造成不利。不过我们没有办法,我们为了保护最多人的利益,只可以宣传A制度,这的确是不中立不客观,但是我们不得不这么做。因为世界上没有完美的制度,制度是相对而言的。

在中国社会里,呼喊民主的人要比呼喊中共的人要多,所以,我们可以宣传民主制度,尽管它会造成不利,但是它会造福更多的人,缩小(不是消灭)贫富差距。

因此,我们不需要一天到晚追求客观,我们只需要追求好处多于坏处的处理办法。

GFW之诗—Mending Wall

Saturday, December 15th, 2007

最近我发了三首诗歌,都是我最近学的。在讲著名诗人Robert Frost的Mending Wall的时候,我突然有了新的理解。

先来看看我加了粗体字的句子:

Something there is that doesn’t love a wall

What I was walling in or walling out,

And to whom I was like to give offence.

He only says, ‘Good fences make good neighbors‘.

Someting。Rober Frost一开头点名了有某样东西不喜欢墙,那到底是什么呢?标题是Mending Wall,不知道大家从Wall想到了什么。老师上课的时候问我们,Wall的功能是什么?Robert Frost说的很清楚了“Walling in or walling out”。我突然想到了中国的Great FireWall,防火长城。

GFW的功能的确是Walling in or walling out。它把中国人和中国实情给关在墙里,且把自由、民主、人权和事实给关在墙外。GFW把中国人和自由、民主、人权给隔绝了,妄图把中国人关在牢狱之中,折磨致死。

第三句:And to whom I was like to give offence。GFW给了中国人一个很大的offence,因为它把中国人应该拥有的权利全部都给夺取了。因为有GFW的存在,中国人无法获得自由、民主和人权,无法知道真实的事情。

第四句:Good fences make good neighbors。好的fences真的可以创造好的neighbors吗?GFW想把人民和自由给隔绝开来。但是很明显,这是行不通的。开头的第一句,Robert Frost点名了Something doesn’t love the wall。这个Something是人的人性,向往民主、自由和人权的心。水能载舟,亦能覆舟。中国人的心是向往着自由的,无论中国政府造多少wall或者fence都没有用。最好的证明,就是中国人发明了无数个突破GFW的技术。

我只是拿了几个重要的句子来解释GFW,其实全诗都很适合诠释GFW的,建议英文较好的读者看看全诗。

有人用Beyond的歌来“歌唱”GFW,现在我又用Robert Frost来描写GFW,看来Beyond和Robert Frost都是未卜先知啊。

Amazing Peace

Friday, December 14th, 2007

by Maya Angelou

Read by the poet at the lighting of the National Christmas Tree
Washington, D.C.
1 December 2005

Thunder rumbles in the mountain passes
And lighting rattles the eaves of our houses.
Floodwaters await in our avenues.

Snow falls upon snow, falls upon snow to avalanche
Over unprotected villages.
The ground shakes and swallows entire hamlets.
The sky slips low and gray and threatening.

We question ourselves. What have we done to affront nature?
We interrogate and worry God.
Are you there? Are you there, really?
Does the covenant you made with us still hold?

Into this climate of fear and apprehension, Christmas enters,
Streaming lights of joy, ringing bells of hope
And singing carols of forgiveness high up in the bright air.
The world is encouraged to come away from rancor,
Come the way of friendship.

It is the Glad Season.
Thunder ebbs to silence and lightning sleeps quietly in the corner.
Floodwaters recede into memory.
Snow becomes a yielding cushion to aid us
As we make our way to higher ground.

Hope is born again in the faces of children.
It rides on the shoulders of our aged as they walk into their sunsets.
Hope spreads around the earth, brightening all things,
Even hate, which crouches breeding in dark corridors.

In our joy, we think we hear a whisper.
At first it is too soft. Then only half heard.
We listen carefully as it gathers strength.
We hear sweetness.
The word is Peace.
It is loud now.
Louder than the explosion of bombs.

We tremble at the sound. We are thrilled by its presence.
It is what we have hungered for.
Not just the absence of war. But true Peace.
A harmony of spirit, a comfort of courtesies.
Security for our beloveds and their beloveds.

We clap hands and welcome the Peace of Christmas.
We beckon this good season to wait awhile with us.
We, Baptist and Buddhist, Methodist and Muslim, say come.
Peace.
Come and fill us and our world with your majesty.
We, the Jew and the Jainist, the Catholic and the Confucian,
Implore you to stay awhile with us
So we may learn by your shimmering light
How to look beyond complexion and see community.

It is Christmas time, a halting of hate time.

On this platform of peace, we can create a language
To translate ourselves to ourselves and to each other.

At this Holy Instant, we celebrate the Birth of Jesus Christ
Into the great religions of the world.
We jubilate the precious advent of trust.
We shout with glorious tongues the coming of hope.
All the earth’s tribes loosen their voices
To celebrate the promise of Peace.

We, Angels and Mortals, Believers and Nonbelievers,
Look heavenward and speak the word aloud.
Peace. We look at our world and speak the word aloud.
Peace. We look at each other, then into ourselves,
And we say without shyness or apology or hesitation:

Peace, My Brother.
Peace, My Sister.
Peace, My Soul.

Mending Wall

Thursday, December 13th, 2007

By Robert Frost

Something there is that doesn’t love a wall,
That sends the frozen-ground-swell under it,
And spills the upper boulders in the sun,
And makes gaps even two can pass abreast.
The work of hunters is another thing:
I have come after them and made repair
Where they have left not one stone on a stone,
But they would have the rabbit out of hiding,
To please the yelping dogs. The gaps I mean,
No one has seen them made or heard them made,
But at spring mending-time we find them there.
I let my neighbor know beyond the hill;
And on a day we meet to walk the line
And set the wall between us once again.
We keep the wall between us as we go.
To each the boulders that have fallen to each.
And some are loaves and some so nearly balls
We have to use a spell to make them balance:
‘Stay where you are until our backs are turned!’
We wear our fingers rough with handling them.
Oh, just another kind of out-door game,
One on a side. It comes to little more:
There where it is we do not need the wall:
He is all pine and I am apple orchard.
My apple trees will never get across
And eat the cones under his pines, I tell him.
He only says, ‘Good fences make good neighbors‘.
Spring is the mischief in me, and I wonder
If I could put a notion in his head:
‘Why do they make good neighbors? Isn’t it
Where there are cows?
But here there are no cows.
Before I built a wall I’d ask to know
What I was walling in or walling out,
And to whom I was like to give offence.
Something there is that doesn’t love a wall,
That wants it down.’ I could say ‘Elves’ to him,
But it’s not elves exactly, and I’d rather
He said it for himself. I see him there
Bringing a stone grasped firmly by the top
In each hand, like an old-stone savage armed.
He moves in darkness as it seems to me~
Not of woods only and the shade of trees.
He will not go behind his father’s saying,
And he likes having thought of it so well
He says again, “Good fences make good neighbors.”

The Road Not Taken

Tuesday, December 11th, 2007

By Robert Frost

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,

And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.